Study the Physical Properties of Fertilizers and Plant Basin Parameters to Design the Tractor Operated Round Basin Maker cum Fertilizer Applicator for Orchard Crop

The physical form of fertilizer production is of extremely importance, both agronomically and in regard to satisfactory handling, transport, storage, and finally application to the field. The improvement of equipment for handling, storage, and application of granular fertilizer require a proper understanding of material properties and flow behavior. The most common problems encountered in fertilizers were caking, poor flow ability, segregation, dustiness and excessive hygroscopicity due to differences of physical properties. The physical properties such as moisture content, angle of repose and bulk density as important in designing the hopper and metering roller of fertilizer plays an important role in the storage, transport and application of fertilizer. The urea, Ammonium phosphate Sulphate, complex fertilizers and fertilizer ratio (10 26 26) per one orchard tree should be applied yearly trice based on crop requirement. The angle of repose value ranges 28° -37° the hopper angle was decided. For that, to flow the fertilizer freely from the hopper, the inclined angle of the hopper should be greater than 40° respectively. The lowest bulk density and tapped density observed 0.648 kg cm-3 and 0.708 kg cm-3 respectively. Coefficient friction for galvanized Iron (GI) material is very high So, based on the obtained results, a fertilizer applicator for orchard crops has been designed. The basin diameter of orchard palm varies from 1500 mm to 1750 mm the mean of 1650 mm. The root zone depth of orchard crop varies from 150 to 180 mm at radius of 1800 mm from the base of palm. The mean 171.66 mm hence depth of operation of machine was selected as 150 mm such that the machine does not interfere with root zone of orchard trees.