Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Doses on Agro Morphological Parameters of Wheat Varieties in Vertisol Region in India

Wheat is the most important food grain, with more than a third of the world's population eating it as a staple diet for the optimum use of different nutrients. A field experiment was carried out at ICAR-IISS Bhopal to identify different wheat varieties that provide the highest yield under nutrient stress conditions. In this experiment, we studied the different morphological parameters in nine wheat varieties, i.e., plant height, plant dry weight, biological yield, and grain yield. With three replications, the experiment was set up in a split-plot design. There were 36 treatments in total, including three nitrogen levels and three P levels with nine genotypes, in each replication. In each replication, all of the treatments were split separately. T1 was the control treatment, and T2 was the optimum dose treatment. T3 was 50% nitrogen with a full phosphorus dose, and T4 was 50% phosphorus with 100% nitrogen doses. In sub-optimal doses of N and P (T3 and T4), T3 produced a higher biomass yield than T4, averaging all the selected nine varieties of wheat, whereas T4 had a higher grain yield than T3. The study's current findings, which showed that higher nitrogen fertilizer doses enhanced leaf area, plant dry weight, maximum biomass, and grain production, were consistent with this. Because nitrogen affects photosynthesis, the amount of photo assimilates the plant produces, the partitioning of dry matter, and organ development, it may have an impact on seed output along with phosphorus.