Geographical Environment and Dynamics of Farming Systems in the Commune of Korsimoro: An Integrated Approach to Optimizing Farming Practices

Korsimoro, located in the Sudano-Sahelian region of north-central Burkina Faso, is heavily dependent on agriculture, making it particularly vulnerable to climate change. This study examines the interaction between biophysical factors and agricultural practices in Korsimoro. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we carried out a geospatial analysis using t maps from various sources (BUNASOLS, IGB). A detailed soil evaluation was carried out to assess the agronomic potential of the different soil types. Historical rainfall data was analyzed to understand the climatic variability of the region. The results reveal that the leached tropical ferruginous indurated soils (FLIPP), which occupy almost half of Korsimoro, have low agronomic potential due to their shallow depth and limited water retention capacity. These soil characteristics, combined with the decline in vegetation cover due to deforestation and overgrazing, make the region highly vulnerable to soil degradation. In addition, the region experiences high variability in rainfall, which poses a major threat to agricultural productivity. As a result, the low agronomic potential of the soil and the increasing variability of the climate have a direct impact on farming practices in Korsimoro. Farmers in the region are facing difficulties in maintaining crop yields and ensuring food security. To improve the resilience of farming systems in Korsimoro, we recommend the following: Site-specific soil management practices: Given the heterogeneity of soil types, adapted soil management practices, such as conservation tillage and organic fertilization, should be encouraged to improve soil fertility and water retention. Improved water management: Investments in water harvesting, irrigation and water efficiency technologies are essential to mitigate the effects of drought and ensure a stable water supply for agriculture. Agroforestry: Integrating trees into farming systems can help to improve soil structure, reduce erosion and enhance biodiversity. Climate-smart farming: Adopting climate-smart farming practices, such as drought-resistant crop varieties, can help farmers adapt to changing climatic conditions. Capacity building: Providing farmers with training and extension services on sustainable farming practices is essential to ensure the long-term success of these interventions. By implementing these recommendations, Korsimoro can improve agricultural productivity, enhance food security and contribute to more sustainable land management practices.