Understanding the Links between Pesticides in Agricultural Run Offs and Its Impact on Human Health

Pesticides are substance or mixture of substance which differ in their physical, chemical and identical properties from one to other. Hence, they are classified based on these properties. Some pesticides are also categorized into various classes depending on the needs. Presently, three most popular classifications of pesticides which are widely used is classification based on the mode of entry, pesticide function and the pest organism they kill, the chemical composition of the pesticide [1]. As pesticides are designed to be toxic to particular groups of organisms, they can have considerable adverse environmental effects on other living creatures as well as diverse media including air, soil, or water) [2]. It has been found that the modes of action for pesticides are not species-specific, concerns have been raised about environmental risks associated with their exposure through various routes (e.g., residues in food and drinking water). Although such hazards range from short-term (e.g., skin and eye irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea) to chronic impacts (e.g., cancer, asthma, and diabetes), their risks are difficult to elucidate due to the involvement of various factors (e.g., period and level of exposure, type of pesticide (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the affected areas) [3].