Regulatory Role of DNA Methylation and Its Significance in Plants

DNA methylation is a well-known epigenetic modification that is essential for gene regulation and genome stability. Anomalies in plant development can result from aberrant DNA methylation patterns. DNA methylation is much more important in plants with more complicated genomes when it comes to growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Dynamic regulation via de novo methylation, maintenance of methylation, and active demethylation, which are catalysed by diverse enzymes that are targeted by different regulatory mechanisms, results in a unique DNA methylation state. We explain DNA methylation in plants, including methylating and demethylating enzymes and regulatory changes, as well as the coordination of methylation and demethylation activities by a mechanism known as the methylstat. We also explain the roles of DNA methylation in regulating transposon silencing, gene expression, and chromosome interactions, as well as the intervention of DNA methylation in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.