Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome linked to temporal with SARS-Cov2 is a new hyper inflammatory disorder that affects children with Covid-19 infection. It usually occurs 2 to 6 weeks following illness or exposure.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive retrospective study of a cohort of 11 patients with MIS-C treated in the pediatric department of the Mohamed V military hospital in Rabat between December 2020 and September 2021. We analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, biological, imaging, therapeutical and evolutionary data of our patients.

Results: The average age is 9 years; the sex ratio is 1,2. The average exposure gap is 3.7 weeks. All patients presented with fever with multivisceral involvement, 81% presented digestive signs, 100% mucocutaneous signs, 63% cardiac signs and 54% neurological signs. Inflammatory markers were consistently high. Anemia (91%), neutrophilic leukocytosis (91%), lymphopenia (73%) are constant. The Covid-19 RT-PCR was negative and the SARSCov2 IgG serology testing was positive in all our patients. 54% of our cases have echocardiographic signs. Treatment was based on polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in all cases associated with corticosteroid therapy in 45% of cases and antiplatelet therapy in 91% of cases. The outcome was favorable in all of our patients.

Conclusion: MIS-C should be considered in children with fever, rash, headache, tachypnea, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Cardiogenic shock is the main complication. IVIG and systemic corticosteroid therapy are the fundament of treatment.