A Study of Clinical Profile and Outcome of De Novo Acute Heart Failure Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Introduction: Acute heart failure is widely described as the sudden emergence of new or worsening Heart failure signs and symptoms. With a better understanding of the many risk factors and etiology of heart failure, attention to the finer points of heart failure care with novel diagnostic techniques and various outcomes and prognosis of AHF patients, this study will assist us in providing a clearer understanding of the analysis of numerous risk factors, etiology, and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure. To study the clinical profile, etiology, and outcome of DE NOVO acute heart failure in a tertiary care centre and to identify their co-morbidities and factors associated with increased mortality.

Methodology: A total of 110 patients were taken into the study after informed consent and passing inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the Boston criteria for diagnosing heart failure, heart failure patients newly diagnosed were enrolled as “ De Novo Acute Heart Failure patients” and they were studied. Hospital records & databases confirmed, based on the proforma and symptomatology questionnaire, patient characteristics taken, BMI, lifestyle and personal habits were noted. On admission, blood investigations like NT-Pro-BNP, CBC, LFT, RFT, +/- anaemia profile, blood, and urine C/S, kerley B lines, and ECHO assessment for Left ventricular function were done and analyzed. All the data collected were tabulated in excel sheet, analyzed.

Results: Diabetes (70%) and Hypertension (67.3%) are the common co-morbidities associated with heart failure. Ischemic heart disease (48.2%) is the most common etiology. Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia (12.7%), and iron deficiency anaemia (81%) is one of the preventable precipitating factors of acute heart failure. Our study shows a mortality rate of 6.4%. Cerebrovascular events were noted in a greater number of patients.

Conclusion: Our study is a cutting-edge investigation of de novo acute cardiac failure stating the relationship between polyvascular disease and the higher incidence of risk factors. Our study is one of the novel studies done for de novo acute heart failure in India. Ischemic heart disease is the most common etiology followed by valvular heart disease for acute De Novo heart failure.