Analysis of the Effective Change in Land use Functions and its Impact on City Structure: A Case Study from Baghdad, Karrada, Iraq

The aim of the research is to quantify this situation in the Karrada district of Baghdad, and trying to find a vision to solve this problem by assuming that this change can be directed positively forward by changing the city’s structure functionally, as one of the biggest problems is leaving the issue without question Urban spaces, whether controlled by the government or a private entity, are defined in this study as areas empty of buildings as well as frequently visited locations including streets, squares, parks, and government buildings. The research was inspired by the private sector's power over shifting land use activities in opposition to city planning principles by real estate developers and investors. This change will come in two forms, but the activity itself will be completely altered. For example, green spaces and orchards could be transformed into commercial spaces that house eateries and markets, or the activity could be intensified while still remaining within the same use by dividing residential areas into single- or multi-story housing units. . The total area of urban spaces has shrunk over the study area's time span as a result of other uses taking up more space than urban spaces do, but at the same time, the number of units in urban spaces has increased over the past period of time due to the excess of commercial use over residential use and the fact that commercial activity creates locations for urban agglomeration.